The hypothesis underlying the debate about « new wars » that there are fundamental differences between countries classified as « in war » and those « not in war » is questioned throughout the paper. The economic conditions and constraints war fighting parties face in the current environment do not disappear after a peace is negotiated. This explains that as rule to outcome of internationally supervised elections lend legitimacy to former warlords and other thugs. The continuation of their violence-based clientelistic power remains the only source for individual security.
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