Camps - Camps

Articles

• A right-based approach to migration policies in a context of emergencies: ’Expelling States’ and semi-persons in the European Union

  28 April 2009, by Fernández Bessa Cristina, Manavella Alejandra, Silveira Gorski Héctor C.
  The European socio-political climate and its repercussions on person’s rights and liberties trigger multiple challenges. The widening process of the European Union (EU), the hardening of legislation on immigration and terrorism, and the new practices of police and security services make the basic principles and values on which consolidated European democracies lay tilt.

• Detention Centres report for European Parliament

  2 January 2008, by STEPS Consulting Social
  This study is a response to the European Parliament’s desire to better understand and to improve the detention and reception conditions for third country nationals in closed and open centres in Europe, with special consideration for persons with special needs. It assesses the implementation of the standards outlined in part II of the Reception Conditions Directive 2003/9/CE (22/01/2003). The unique feature of this study is that it focuses on vulnerable groups and assesses whether their needs are taken into account or not and if the conditions found in Europe contribute to an improvement in, or the aggravation of, their situations of vulnerability.

• Secret detentions and illegal transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states: Second report

  11 June 2007, by Conseil de l’Europe, Marty Dick
  The Parliamentary Assembly recalls its Resolution 1507 (2006) and Recommendation 1754 (2006), and refers to the report of 12 June 2006 revealing the existence of a «spider’s web» of illegal transfers of detainees woven by the CIA in which Council of Europe member states were involved, and expressing suspicions that secret places of detention might exist in Poland and Romania.

• I campi per stranieri in Italia

  27 febbraio 2007, di Studi emigrazione
  Dossier consacré aux camps pour étrangers en Italie : des camps de concentration pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale, aux camps de transit pour réfugiés dans l’immédiat après-guerre ; on passe ensuite aux camps d’accueil et de rééducation pour nomades, puis à l’accueil des «boat people» vietnamiens, pour arriver en 1998 à l’institution des «Centres de permanence temporaire et d’assistance - CPTA» qui servent à la rétention administrative de l’immigration illégale. Ces centres fermés sont emblématiques de la condition triste et précaire des immigrés qui tentent de pénétrer en Europe.

• Internments: CPT and other camps

  19 February 2007, by Conflitti globali
  This issue of Conflitti globali is introduced by a map – the one produced by the research collective Migreurop – which effectively suggests the idea of the European Union as a big cage: almost two hundreds facilities dedicated to internment, control, and identification of migrants and displaced people. The visual effect of the map is therefore of a «chicken pox», whose spots are mainly concentrated within the current EU border, extending nonetheless their propagation to the EU candidates countries or to particular «mandatory» states – Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia –, as well as to countries with which Europe keeps uncertain and ambivalent relations, like Putin’s Russia or Gheddafi’s Libya.

• Activités de la CIA en Europe : le Parlement adopte son rapport final et presse le Conseil d’obtenir davantage d’informations des Etats membres

  19 février 2007, par Parlement européen
  Plus d’un millier de vols de la CIA ont utilisé l’espace aérien européen de 2001 à 2005 et des lieux de détention secrets ont pu être localisés dans des bases militaires américaines en Europe selon la commission temporaire sur les activités de la CIA. Son rapport final déplore la passivité de certains Etats membres face aux opérations illégales et le manque de coopération du Conseil.

• CIA activities in Europe: European Parliament adopts final report deploring passivity from some Member States

  19 February 2007, by European Parliament
  Over one thousand CIA-operated flights used European airspace from 2001 to 2005 and temporary secret detention facilities «may have been located at US military bases» in Europe, says the European Parliament in its final report on illegal CIA activities in Europe, adopted 14 February. The report, which deplores the passivity of some Member States in the face of illegal CIA operations, as well as the lack of co-operation from the EU Council of Ministers, was approved by a majority of 382 against 256 with 74 abstentions.

• Internamenti cpt e altri campi

  5 febbraio 2007, di Conflitti globali
  Se guardate attentamente la cartina riprodotta nell’apertura di questo numero, potete farvi un’idea dell’Europa in gabbia. Circa duecento strutture dedicate all’internamento, al controllo e all’identificazione dei migranti. Non solo in Europa, ma anche nei paesi candidati e aspiranti all’ingresso nella Ue, nei tributari, come Marocco, Algeria e Tunisia, e in quelli con cui l’Europa intrattiene relazioni complesse, oscillanti tra la connivenza e il sospetto, come la Russia di Putin. La cartina ricorda irresistibilmente la dislocazione delle legioni e delle guarnigioni all’epoca in cui l’impero romano, ancora unificato, cominciava a mettersi sulla difensiva, diciamo da Marco Aurelio in poi.

• Guantánamo – Dossier d’information pour le cinquième anniversaire

  26 décembre 2006, par Amnesty International
  À la veille du cinquième anniversaire des premiers transferts vers le centre de détention des États-Unis à Guantánamo (Cuba) – le 11 janvier 2007 – Amnesty International rend public un dossier qui contient des informations importantes et des analyses sur la situation des droits humains dans ce centre de détention.

• The Detention of Children in Member States’ Migration Control and Determination Processes

  4 December 2006, by Bolton Syd
  This briefing paper addresses the use (and misuse) by Member States of detention of children, whether separated or with parents or other adults claiming responsibility for them, as a consequence of their own or their families’ claims to international protection, or as a consequence of entry into the European Union for other migration purposes. It considers current practice in the context inter alia of Title IV of the EC Treaty, the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, EU asylum directives, Member States’ international protection and human rights obligations and domestic laws and policies. It offers a selective snapshot rather than a comprehensive overview. The note serves primarily to highlight serious concerns from many quarters that despite various directives, guidance and case law formulated by relevant international actors and the institutions of the EU, the use of detention measures against migrant and asylum-seeking children continues to increase. The authors of this briefing consider that such practices run counter to the European Commission’s stated priority strategy for ensuring that the rights of the child are effectively promoted and protected in all aspects of the body politic of the European Union and its Members, in full accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Child.

• A Typology of different types of Centres in Europe

  4 December 2006, by Guild Elspeth
  There has been an increase in the use of detention of foreigners in EU Member States over the past four years. The sources and political discussion regarding this change of policy has given rise to substantial concern in civil society. Researchers, policy makers and non-governmental organisations have expressed concern at the stigmatisation of foreigners which accompanies and is expressed in their detention. The European Parliament itself has already commissioned and received a detailed report on the return of foreigners from EU Member States (Hailbronner: 2005) which includes substantial information on this issue. In this paper we seek to examine three issues around the detention of foreigners in the EU: the law that governs camps; who is found in the camps; and what types of camps are missing. The starting place of this examination is the law of the European Union – what are the parameters within which national law applies and how does national law comply with those parameters.

• Centres for Third Country Nationals

  4 December 2006, by Bietlot Mathieu
  The term ‘camp’ identifies all the premises where those third country nationals intending to enter the European Union are involuntarily placed. This concept includes all the systems of imprisonment by which the immigrant is deprived of his/her rights and liberties. While the camp can be ‘open’ or ‘closed’, the close nature usually predominates in practice. An EU policy dealing with the reception of asylum seekers and their accommodation in camps is still in its infancy. The discretionary power exercised by the Member States in this field is very important. Also, there is a wide diversity of camps for third country nationals in Europe. Special attention needs to be paid to the respect of fundamental rights and the individual needs by each third country national who might be residing in camps. This is at times difficult to ensure due to size of the camps, the lack of resources as well as because of the negative image linked to those immigrants who are placed in these camps. Also, in practical terms there is some confusion among the different statuses of the immigrants who are might be found in the camps. Finally, the statistical data concerning how many third country nationals are actually inside camps has not been yet centralized nor at EU level neither at national level.

• Visite du Comité Anti-Torture du Conseil de l’Europe en France

  24 October 2006, by Conseil de l’Europe
  Une délégation du Comité pour la prévention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants (CPT) du Conseil de l’Europe a récemment effectué une visite de treize jours en France. Il s’agissait de la neuvième visite du Comité en France, qui débuta le 27 septembre 2006.

• Dick Marty dévoile une « toile d’araignée » mondiale de détentions et transferts pratiqués par les Etats-Unis, et évoque la collusion active de certains Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe

  11 septembre 2006, par Conseil de l’Europe, Marty Dick
  Dick Marty, rapporteur de l’Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe, a dévoilé aujourd’hui ce qu’il appelle une « toile d’araignée » mondiale des détentions et des transferts de la CIA. Il a cité sept Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe qui, par collusion, peuvent être tenus pour responsables, à des degrés divers, de violations des droits de personnes nommément désignées.

• Secretary General’s supplementary report under Article 52 ECHR on the question of secret detention and transport of detainees suspected of terrorist acts, notably by or at the instigation of foreign agencies

  11 September 2006, by Conseil de l’Europe
  This report supplements the report by the Secretary General under Article 52 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on the question of secret detention and transport of detainees suspected of terrorist acts, notably by or at the instigation of foreign agencies (SG/Inf(2006)). It contains the results of an analysis of the replies received in response to a second series of letters sent by the Secretary General.

• Rapport du Secrétaire Général, établi en vertu de l’article 52 de la CEDH, sur la question de la détention et du transport secrets de détenus soupçonnés d’actes terroristes, notamment par des agences relevant d’autres Etats ou à leur instigation

  11 septembre 2006, par Conseil de l’Europe
  Le présent rapport contient les résultats d’une analyse des réponses fournies par 45 des 46 Etats parties à la CEDH dans le cadre de l’enquête initiée par le Secrétaire Général par sa lettre du 21 novembre 2005. Cette enquête, prévue à l’article 52, a été ouverte au vu d’allégations selon lesquelles des Etats parties auraient pris part à la privation illégale de liberté de terroristes présumés et au transport de ces derniers sur ou à travers leur territoire par des agences étrangères ou à leur instigation (« détention secrète », « restitution extraordinaire »).

• Combattre le terrorisme, ou comment les Etats s’éloignent du chemin des droits de l’Homme

  11 September 2006, by Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’Homme (FIDH)
  A la veille du cinquième anniversaire des attentats du 11 septembre, Georges W. Bush a admis l’existence d’un programme de détention au secret de la CIA dans une allocution concernant le transfert de 14 terroristes présumés de ces centres vers celui de Guantanamo.

• Pentagon Breaks with Bush on Detentions

  12 July 2006, by The Guardian
  In a memo yesterday, the Pentagon said that Article 3 of the Geneva Convention would apply to the Guantanamo detainees. The memo was the result of the US Supreme Court Decision which ruled that military tribunals for the Guantanamo detainees are illegal. However, the White House spokesperson, Tony Snow, indicated that any policy changes would need to be consistent with national security.

• Beyond and Before the Law at Guantanamo

  12 July 2006, by Cutler Schershow Scott , Michaelson Scott
  The article explores the status of the Guantanamo detainees and argues that the category of ‘unlawful combatant’ has always been foundational to the laws of war, being applied to ‘spies’ or other irregular participants in an armed conflict. Thus, the predicament of the Guantanamo detainees is ‘the very manifestation of the existing state system and its corollary values’. Critics of Guantanmo cannot rely on international law or in the exercise of sovereignty. The authors’ suggestion is that sovereignty itself must be torqued in a strange reversal, and made to work against itself. Sovereignty must be ‘expended without reserve in the name, not of law, but of justice, to the point where the territory and its boundary tremble’.

• An Interview with Giorgio Agamben

  12 July 2006, by Raulff Ulrich
  In this interview, Agamben discusses his latest book, The State of Exception, in relation to the latest developments in the ‘war on terror’. Methodologically, he makes a distinction between the camp as a ‘paradigm’ compared to other forms of sociological investigation. A ‘paradigm’, he argues, can be used to understand large historical structures. He also indicates that the ‘absence of law’ entailed by the state of exception is not the absence of governance. A double structure of the system, governance through law and governance through management, needs therefore to be considered.

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