Mapping the field of European security / Cartographier le champ de la sécurité en Europe

Articles

• Internal and External Security(ies): The Möbius Ribbon

  7 April 2005, by Bigo Didier
  The significance of the article - from the viewpoint of this study - lies in its discussion on the nature of the merger of internal and external security. Bigo argues that even if security needs to be understood as a much wider concept than has traditionally been the case, one should still differentiate between national/state security and societal/identity-related security.

• Changing Conceptions of Security and Their Implications for EU Home and Justice Affairs

  31 March 2005, by Anderson Malcom, Apap Joanna
  This policy paper deals with the changing conception of security that points towards blurring the distinction between the internal and external dimensions as well as towards widening our understanding of what constitutes a security threat. The paper tries to link the discussion on new security threats together with the recent developments in European integration process. It claims that questions which used to be considered as internal security issues have been both Europeanised and externalised since the end the cold war. These two processes have had a major impact on structures, methods and priority areas of JHA.

• Justice and Home Affairs in a Wider Europe: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion

  23 March 2005, by Monar Jörg
  This working paper studies the development of EU’s home and justice affairs and its implications for the insiders and outsiders alike. The paper is build around the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that derive from the tension between security and freedom that is omnipresent in JHA.

• Security, Liberty and Vulnerability in The Risk Society: a Cross-Cutting Work Package

  9 March 2005, by Lianos Michalis
  This is the 11th Work Package of the «Challenge» Integrated Project and has two major specificities. Firstly, it is exclusively directed towards social theory and, in particular, towards building a conceptual framework that converses with the sociotheoretical enquiries that underlie the project. Secondly, it has a ‘phase difference’ with project work as it seeks to take into consideration the findings of other Work Packages (WPs). The main ambition of the work to be carried out is to explore the combined effect of uncertainties and insecurities in different European societies and in different spheres of activity and perception (ranging from employment to crime and from migration to war). This is largely uncharted territory for the social sciences in general and sociology in particular and involves drawing the link between the broader socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural context, in which research that is conducted in all other workpackages takes its full meaning.

• Setting an Example? : Counter-Terrorism Measures in Spain

  21 February 2005, by Human Rights Watch
  After M-11 bombings in Madrid, Spain’s strict antiterrorism measures, shaped by years of grappling with ETA violence, have been applied to all those arrested for alleged links to al-Qaeda as well as for alleged participation in the events of M-11. Under these measures, spelled out in Spain’s Code of Criminal Procedure, the detainees may be held in incommunicado detention for up to four years. During that period, detainees are held in isolation and do not have the right to counsel from the outset of detention or to a lawyer of their own choosing. They are assigned a legal aid attorney, who must be present at all interrogations and statements before a judge, but with whom they may not consult in private, either before or after these events. The legal aid attorney is unable to address the detainee directly, either to ask questions or provide legal advice. Under these restrictions, the role of the defense attorney is reduced to that of a silent witness. Although incommunicado detainees are technically under judicial supervision, in practice the competent judge does not see the detainee until he or she has spent three, or even five, days in police custody. Judges may -and often do- impose secrecy, or secreto de sumario, on the investigation and judicial proceedings, in which case defense attorneys do not have access to critical information regarding the charges against their clients or the evidence against them, including the full grounds for remand to pre-trial detention. The conditions of detention does not respect the inherently dignity of all persons deprived of their liberty, since they are kept shoeless and in underground cells without natural light.

• Private Military Companies in Iraq : a Force for Good ?

  7 February 2005, by Olsson Christian
  Their names are Global Risk International, Dyncorp, Vinnel, Blackwater Security Consulting, or Erinys International to name but a few. It’s a secret to nobody: so-called private military companies (PMCs) operate extensively in Iraq, sometimes with highly sophisticated military means including helicopters and advanced computer systems allowing them to engage in direct combat as shown during the operations against the Army of Mahdi in May 2004 in the city of Nadjaf.

• EU : «Anti-terrorism» legitimises sweeping new «internal security» complex

  28 January 2005, by Statewatch
  In June 2004 Javier Solana, the EU High Representative for defence and foreign policy, announced that internal security services (eg: MI5 in the UK) are to provide intelligence on terrorism to the Joint Situation Centre (SitCen) - part of the EU’s emerging military structure. At the same time he revealed that the external intelligence agencies (eg: MI6 and GCHQ in the UK) had been cooperating with SitCen since «early 2002». These moves were clearly needed as attempts to bring together meaningful intelligence on terrorism through Europol was doomed to fail - internal security and external intelligence agencies are loath to share information with police agencies.

• Counter-terrorism: Implications for the liberal state in Europe

  25 January 2005, by Jabri Vivienne
  The ELISE consortium is holding a workshop hosted by the Centre for International Relations, King’s College London, on the 11th of February on the theme of «Counter-terrorism: Implications for the Liberal State in Europe».

• Sur la prévention de la délinquance : rapport préliminaire de la commission prévention du groupe d’études parlementaire sur la sécurité intérieure

  25 January 2005, by Bénisti Jacques-Alain
  Après avoir mis en place plusieurs lois répressives attendues par nos concitoyens, les Ministres successifs de l’intérieur du Gouvernement de JeanPierre Raffarin ont souhaité compléter ce dispositif par l’élaboration d’un texte préventif à l’insécurité et à la violence qui soit en rupture avec les politiques mises en oeuvres jusqu’à maintenant qui ont fait la preuve de leur manque d’efficacité.

• Le rapport d’activité 2002-2004 de la commission Citoyens-Justice-Police

  25 January 2005, by Kokoreff Michel
  La commission Citoyens-Justice-Police, mise en place en juillet 2002, et actuellement composée de la LDH, du MRAP, du SAF (syndicat des avocats de France) et du SM (Syndicat de la magistrature), a rendu son rapport d’activités 2002-2004. Saisie de près de 200 courriers postaux et électroniques, la commission nationale a retenu particulièrement 50 dossiers de violences illégitimes de la part des fonctionnaires de la police nationale à l’égard de citoyens. Ce rapport s’appuie sur les témoignages de ces derniers et les résultats des procédures qui ont été engagées auprès de l’Inspection générale des services de la police nationale (IGS), du procureur de la République, et de la commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité (CNDS).

• Genèse et institutionnalisation d’un espace européen de justice et de sécurité

  10 January 2005, by Groupe de sociologie politique européenne
  Depuis la fin des années 1990, plusieurs acteurs s’engagent pour la création d’un espace judiciaire pénal européen. Depuis des lieux institutionnels différents (Parlement européen, Secrétariat général du Conseil, DG JAI de la Commission), avec des préoccupations diverses et des positions professionnelles hétérogènes (magistrats, policiers, experts...), ils s’efforcent de définir des outils permettant de mettre en place un espace européen de justice et de sécurité.

• Sécurité et immigration: vers une gouvernementalité par l’inquiétude ?

  30 December 2004, by Bigo Didier
  L’immigration est lue à travers le prisme de la sécurité par certains hommes politiques, par les polices et certains services sociaux, par nombre de journalistes et une fraction de l’opinion publique. Malgré les critiques fréquentes et argumentées d’une telle perception, malgré l’existence de discours alternatifs, cette lecture continue, très largement, d’être dominante. Pourquoi ? Qu’est ce qui pousse tous ces acteurs à faire un lien entre crime, chômage, terrorisme, fanatisme et migration ? Comment expliquer la force de ce discours ?

• Counter-Terrorist Law and Emergency Powers in the United Kingdom 1922 - 2000

  27 December 2004, by Donohue Laura K.
  The British military involvement in Northern Ireland is well described in this book. The author emphasizes the relationship between measures of exception on the one hand and military and police practices on the other in the so-called «troubles in Northern Ireland».

• Que peut-on entendre par « ordre public international »

  23 December 2004, by Balibar Etienne
  In this article the author deals, from a political theory perspective, with the importance of the rule of law in international police operations. Among other questions he raises the question of the relation between law and politics on a global level, concluding that this relation is far from being automatic.

• Civil-Military Relations in Peace Support Operations: hegemony or emancipation ?

  20 December 2004, by Pugh Michael
  Civil-military relations in peace support operations can be represented in several dimensions: relations between external military forces and internal civilian authorities/society; between internal regular/irregular forces and external civilian agencies; and between the external military and civilian components of interventions. It is the last of these, the relationship between external military and civilian (exclusively humanitarian) actors in conflict environments, that provides the material for this discussion. This relationship is interesting because it has manifested a shift from detachment, suspicion and ignorance - in which interaction was based essentially on a duality of roles and culture - towards a level of civil-military cooperation (CIMIC) that is becoming institutionalised.

• Understanding the priorities of Civil-Military co-operation

  20 December 2004, by Gordon Stuart
  This is a very complete article on what is at stake in the involvement of the military in humanitarian and developmental activities along with NGOs in the peace-operations in the Balkans. It also investigates into the historical origins of these types of «new missions».

• Futur de l’espace de liberté, sécurité et justice

  24 November 2004, by Parlement européen
  Recommandation du Parlement européen à l’intention du Conseil et du Conseil européen sur le futur de l’Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice ainsi que sur les conditions pour en renforcer la légitimité et l’efficacité (2004/2175(INI))

• UK: Amnesty International makes submission to House of Lords opposing indefinite detention

  23 November 2004, by Amnesty International
  Amnesty International has taken the extremely rare decision of lodging written submissions with the House of Lords, the UK’s highest court, ahead of a case the organization describes as of paramount importance to human rights in the UK.

• Royaume-Uni : Amnesty International adresse une communication à la Chambre des Lords contre le maintien en détention illimitée

  23 November 2004, by Amnesty International
  Amnesty International a pris la décision extrêmement rare d’adresser une communication écrite à la Chambre des Lords, la plus haute instance judiciaire du Royaume-Uni, avant l’examen d’une affaire que l’organisation considère d’une importance capitale pour les droits humains dans le pays.

• European Security Strategy : Fight against Terrorism

  9 November 2004, by European Commission
  In December 2003, the European Council asked the Presidency and SG/HR, in co-ordination with the Commission to present concrete proposals for the implementation of the European security strategy in four areas including the fight against terrorism (para. 85) The Commission welcomes the opportunity to contribute to the further development of EU policy in the fight against terrorism, also in the light of the terrorist atrocities in Spain on 11 March 2004. As recognised in the ESS, terrorism is not a threat which can be tackled by purely military means. Other policies can and do have a role to play.

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