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10 mars 2007, par Bruggeman Willy
Depuis 2002 il est décidé que la procédure d’amendement de la Convention Europol soit simplifiée, et plusieurs options ont été prévues. Il n’y a, pour l’heure, aucun consensus politique sur la décision finale à prendre au sujet de l’intégration d’Europol dans les Traités européens et de la possible transpilarisation, qu’il s’agisse de la procédure ou de l’étendue ce cette intégration. Dans le court terme, et sans changer le cadre juridique actuel, il est nécessaire de mettre rapidement en oeuvre les trois protocoles approuvés. Europol devra par ailleurs se préparer à l’entrée en vigueur effective de ces protocoles. Le programme de La Haye a généré un nouveau dynamisme pour une coopération accrue dans les domaines de la liberté, la sécurité et la justice, ainsi que pour Europol. Une analyse minutieuse des futurs défis de la coopération européenne en termes d’application de la loi doit reconnaître qu’il devrait être plus facile d’adapter les fondements institutionnels d’Europol. Mais certains Etats membres, en l’absence d’un traité constitutionnel, considèrent que les bases légales d’Europol, y compris ses modalités de changement, devaient rester telles quelles. D’autres Etats membres expriment la volonté d’explorer les nouvelles modalités et cadres juridiques possibles. Les deux questions fondamentales sont : les options juridiques permettant d’amender/remplacer la Convention Europol, et les liens de tels amendements avec le Traité constitutionnel.
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8 March 2007, by Mitsilegas Valsamis
Efforts to enhance police co-operation in the European Union have been taking place for a number of years now. Successive legislative and constitutional developments have granted the European Union competence to act in the field. Major steps in this context have been: the creation of the third pillar in the Maastricht Treaty and its amendment in Amsterdam; the incorporation of the Schengen acquis in Community/Union law by the Amsterdam Treaty; and the signature and ratification of the Europol Convention and the start of work of Europol in 1999.
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6 mars 2007, par Mitsilegas Valsamis
Des efforts existent depuis plusieurs années pour améliorer la coopération policière au sein de l’Union européenne. Des développements législatifs et constitutionnels successifs ont offert à l’UE une compétence d’action dans ce champ. Les principaux efforts dans ce contexte ont été : la création du troisième pilier dans le Traité de Maastricht et ses amendements à Amsterdam ; l’incorporation des acquis Schengen dans le droit de la Communauté/Union par le Traité d’Amsterdam ; et la signature et la ratification de la Convention Europol au début d’Europol en 1999.
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5 mars 2007, par Bigo Didier,
Bruggeman Willy,
Burgess Peter,
Cultures & Conflits,
Mitsilegas Valsamis
La question de la collaboration policière européenne est hantée depuis des années par le spectre d’un espace fédéral favorisant la mise en commun des données, avec l’institutionnalisation progressive d’entités policières véritablement supranationales, sorte de FBI européen ; appellation dont on a affublé à certains moments l’OLAF ou/et Europol, soit pour les valoriser, soit pour les discréditer.
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3 mars 2007, par Bigo Didier
Les systèmes nationaux articulant les relations entre services de renseignement d’origine militaire ou policière, services de police judiciaire et la justice sont profondément hétérogènes et dépendent de l’histoire nationale de chaque pays, de l’ancienneté de sa démocratie, des relations entre l’exécutif, le législatif et le judiciaire, de la manière dont se mène l’enquête et des règles de procédure devant la justice, ainsi que de l’autonomie (ou non) concédée par les homme politiques aux services de police, et aux services militaires qui font du renseignement. S’y ajoute aussi l’existence ou non d’une communauté nationale du renseignement faisant collaborer les services, et de l’habitude de collaborer à l’échelle internationale avec des services homologues.
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1 March 2007, by Bigo Didier,
Bruggeman Willy,
Burgess Peter,
Cultures & Conflits,
Mitsilegas Valsamis
European police cooperation has been haunted for years by the spectre of a federal space favouring the collectivisation of data followed by the progressive institutionalisation of genuinely supranational police bodies, a kind of European FBI, which the OLAF and/or Europol were labelled, either to valorise or discredit them.
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16 January 2007, by Guild Elspeth
How does the intersection of the EU policy and law in the field of border control and organised crime engage with human rights compliance in third countries? The starting place for any analysis of this area must be with the human rights obligations engaged and from that perspective the consequences of EU external policies.
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5 December 2006, by Centre for European Policy Studies,
Challenge,
Guild Elspeth
In 2006, CEPS was asked by the Civil Liberties Committee of the European Parliament to prepare a number of briefing papers on issues of substantial interest in the field of immigration, asylum, borders, biometrics and data protection. The objective of this series of briefing papers was to inform the Parliamentary Committee on the debates, issues and state of play on these issues. Over the year we prepared 14 briefing papers which can be grouped under six main headings – access to the territory of the EU; lawful presence on the territory; unlawful presence on the territory; expulsion; tracking the individual and a return to intergovernmentality. The European Parliament has, in the spirit of transparency and generosity, permitted us to publish these notes, slightly amended in this collection. Each briefing paper was prepared by a different expert working with the CEPS team. To each of them we are deeply grateful for their hard work and contribution to the project.
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4 December 2006, by Hert (de) Paul,
Sprokkereef Annemarie
Council regulation amending Regulation/(EC) 1030/2002 laying down a uniform format for residence permits for third-country nationals provides for a uniform format for a residence permit issued as a stand alone document. This permit shall include a Radio Frequency Chip containing a facial image (within two years of the adoption of technical measures) and include fingerprints in interoperable formats (within three years). The introduction of these two biometric identifiers in the residence permit is justified by the assumption that it is crucial in combating document fraud and fraudulent use to establish a more reliable link between the holder and the residence permit. This assumption is however not quantified in terms of the numbers of fraudulent cases which would be detected. Nor is there any acknowledged assessment of the ways the biometric identifiers chosen can be sabotaged or the system used fraudulently. In view of the many unknowns, such as the public reaction to being fingerprinted or the lack of experience in using these techniques at a larger scale, this is quite surprising. At the very least, in the amended proposal the disadvantages of using biometric identifiers at such a wide scale and at such an early stage in their technical development are not acknowledged to have been fundamentally assessed.
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4 December 2006, by Carrera Sergio
This Briefing Paper presents a typology of integration programmes for immigrants in selected Member States of the European Union. It first looks at the concept of ‘integration of immigrants’ and its inherent vulnerabilities. It then provides a typology of integration strategies and policies in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany and the Netherlands. The cases of Spain, Poland and the UK are also taken into consideration. The main tendencies and common elements are assessed and broadly compared. As the paper shows, there appears to be a move towards a restrictive integration policy for immigrants in the EU. Mandatory participation in integration programmes has become a constituent element of immigration and national citizenship legislation, as well as precondition to having access to a secure status. A nexus between immigration, integration and citizenship is also becoming the norm in a majority of the national legal systems assessed in this paper. The link between the social inclusion of immigrants and the juridical framework on immigration, integration and citizenship may raise human rights considerations, and endanger the inter-culturalism and diversity that are inherent to the character of the EU.