CHALLENGE | Liberty & Security

Face à la politique sécuritaire la résistance citoyenne s'organise

2009-05-15T13:54:54Z

Dans le corps de son précédent rapport bisannuel, la commission nationale ‘Citoyens- Justice-Police' s'inquiétait légitimement de la dégradation continue et organisée de la relation entre les citoyens et leur police : sur-pénalisation des comportements, fichage exponentiel, policiers et gendarmes soumis à des objectifs chiffrés et exigence de résultats.

La commission nationale saluait néanmoins l'action difficile menée par la commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité, autorité administrative indépendante qui permet au citoyen de pouvoir bénéficier d'une enquête effective et autonome. Le constat du rôle protecteur des libertés du citoyen par la CNDS était cependant teinté d'une vive inquiétude quant à l'absence de moyens donnés à cette dernière pour lui permettre d'exercer effectivement sa mission de contrôle.

Deux ans plus tard, les constats sont encore plus amers : aggravation de la politique pénale et sociale dérivant vers une politique de ‘total contrôle', tensions sociales exacerbées par la mise en oeuvre d'une véritable frénésie répressive, dilution des principaux remparts protecteurs offerts aux citoyens.

La commission nationale constate avec intérêt l'émergence marquée de résistances citoyennes aux abus de pouvoir et d'autorité qui émanent de représentants des forces de l'ordre.

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Face à la politique sécuritaire la résistance citoyenne s'organise

Economic profiles of general border security and their opportunity costs

Lock Peter — 2009-05-14T14:21:29Z

The issue of securitization of borders

This paper focuses on the economic implications of border security policies within the European Union and the-Schengen-area in particular. As countless national and international agencies claim to take part in the execution of these policies, which are handled with high priority in the political arena, accounting for the direct and indirect costs becomes a rather complex exercise. Not least because the execution of controls is often externalised and thus may actually shift the location of the physical and legal borders. Additionally what actually happens at these borders as opposed to what the agencies involved advertise often differs substantially. Furthermore the perception of the border regimes is prone to be influenced by the political lens of the respective observers. However the opinionated debates on the border regimes take place against the background that no empirical evidence is available to show that they actually enhance the security of the borders and for that matter of the society.

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Economic profiles of general border security and their opportunity costs

La CNIL présente son rapport annuel 2008

Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés — 2009-05-14T07:35:15Z

L'année 2008 a encore une fois souligné une activité en pleine croissance pour la CNIL. En 5 ans, le nombre de délibérations adoptées par la CNIL a crû de 765%. Quant aux contrôles, ils ont crû de 1534% sur la même période. Les effectifs ont eux augmenté de 60%.

Au-delà des volumes, c'est surtout le public auquel s'adresse la CNIL qui a profondément changé puisqu'aujourd'hui 90% des décisions de la CNIL concernent le secteur privé et que les citoyens sont toujours plus nombreux à solliciter son intervention. Cette tendance ne signifie par pour autant un désengagement de la CNIL du secteur public, comme en témoignent le contrôle du STIC ou l'avis sur Edvige.

Trente ans après sa création, la CNIL est présente sur tous les aspects de la vie en société, que ce soit au niveau national mais aussi à l'international avec la présidence du groupe des CNIL européennes (G29). Pour faire face à l'ampleur de cette tâche, il faut être indépendant (projet de financement par une redevance), compétent (la CNIL occupe une position de leader au niveau européen et international) et enfin efficace (c'est tout le sens des nouvelles missions de contrôle et de sanction).

Source : http://www.cnil.fr/

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CNIL rapport annuel 2008

CHALLENGE Final Conference : The Changing Landscape of European Liberty and Security

Centre for European Policy Studies — 2009-05-07T12:10:59Z

CHALLENGE Final Conference : The Changing Landscape of European Liberty and Security

Venue : Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS),

Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels – Conference Room

Dates: 18 and 19 May 2009

The Justice and Home Affairs Section of the Centre of European Policy Studies (CEPS) is pleased to invite you to the Final Conference of the CHALLENGE Project «The Changing Landscape of European Liberty and Security ». The event will take place at CEPS during the 18 and 19 May 2009 .

CHALLENGE is a research project funded by the Sixth Framework Programme of DG Research of the European Commission. It has involved 23 universities and research centres from all across Europe. CHALLENGE has run for a period of five years and is now coming to an end. The event aims at presenting the final results of the project as well as discussing them with academics, EU officials and practitioners.

In parallel to the Conference, CEPS and DG Research are organizing a CHALLENGE Art Exhibition and a Reception in the evening of 18 May 2009 inside the Berlaymont building (1st Floor ) of the European Commission at 18.30 . A Keynote Speech will be delivered by a representative of DG Research. The artists represented have sought to provide a space for exploring the contested terrain on which liberty and security are approached in a context that is being framed by discourses of threat and danger. The Exhibition (which will last from the 18 May until the 29 May) will feature the works of the following artists: Charlesworth, Lewandowski & Mann / Charlie Coffey / Richard Hards / Ilias Poulos and Mark Titchner. The poster of the exhibition is attached to this email.

You may find enclosed to this e-mail theProgramme and the Registration Form for the two-day event. Please send the Registration Form no later than the 14 May (Thursday) to Massimo Merlino via email to massimo.merlino@ceps.eu or by fax: 0032-02-2194151.

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CHALLENGE Final Conference Programm

Registration form


Registration form

e-Security and National Parliaments: Digitised Citizens and Accountability

Lodge Juliet, Mayer Terry — 2009-05-06T14:05:50Z

e-Security and National Parliaments: Digitised Citizens and Accountability

The UK: a survey

Compiled by Terry Mayer JMECE

University of Leeds

As part of the workpackage 6 on transparency and accountability

For F6p CHALLENGE

This research is supported by the EU Commission under f6p programme Challenge CITI-CT-2004-506255.

Digitised Citizens and Accountability This paper provides an overview of some key documents relating to the highly controversial subject of digitising citizens through the introduction of identity cards and biometric passports.

Compiled by Terry Mayer

Overview 2

Border Controls and Data Sharing : a UK view 5

Freedom of Information 8

ID cards 10

Legislative/Parliamentary Publications on ID Cards 11 Research Publications 13

SURVEILLANCE SOCIETY : PRIVACY, ETHICS and HUMAN RIGHTS

Report on the

Surveillance Society For the Information Commissioner by the Surveillance Studies Network

September 2006

Questions concerning privacy, ethics and human rights are brought to the fore in this report: in particular, it is noted that it has proved difficult to convince policy-makers of the need to take into account the social dimensions of privacy. It is argued that surveillance varies according to geography, social class, ethnicity and gender, and that the needs of the individual regarding data privacy are being largely ignored: the great majority of people have neither the time nor the knowledge required to discover who has access to their personal data and how it is being used. Similarly, individuals are not necessarily aware of the level of surveillance which they are subject to, nor are they in a position to choose their level of such exposure.

Examples of the ways in which large companies use sophisticated data-mining techniques to build up profiles of customers are given, while the section on urban infrastructure demonstrates how data obtained from schemes relating to congestion charging and public transport can also be used for crime prevention: it is pointed out that such systems were never voted for, but evolved through a mixture of joined-up government, outsourcing of services and corporate pressure.

A major criticism in the report is the perception that technology is rushing ahead without the necessary knowledge with which to underpin the developments, either among the public at large, or the data-retention agencies themselves. The most urgent questions that need to be addressed focus both on access and movement of data.

The report highlights six major areas of concern:

Reactive regulation: official regulators have not been able to keep abreast of fast-moving IT developments; the EU's Article 29 Working Party, where national and subnational regulators are involved, could offer a model for a similar initiative in the UK;

Technical and managerial regulation: international standardisation of privacy procedures would enhance the work of official agencies, lead to greater public confidence, and provide a legal basis for organisations to act upon;

The conception of ‘privacy': the social value of privacy and the ‘public interest' are emphasised as the means by which to safeguard privacy and limit surveillance. These concepts and their role in this debate need serious reevaluation in light of the new methods of surveillance.

The burden of regulation: an independent assessment of the costs of privacy, surveillance regulation and compliance should be carried out, along with an examination into the benefits of good privacy protection and regulation.

Public debate: with the low level of public debate over the issues concerned, it is suggested that an assessment of the existing role of the media, civic organisations, professional associations, academia etc could be undertaken in order to encourage discussion and enhance public knowledge.

Media discussion: the low level of debate in the media is again remarked upon: an examination of its future role should be carried out.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/data_protection/practical_application/surveillance_society_full_report_2006.pdf

SURVEILLANCE SOCIETY – DATA PROTECTION

A Report on the

Surveillance Society For the Information Commissioner, by the Surveillance Studies Network

Public Discussion Document September 2006

This detailed report argues that, far from ‘sleep-walking into a surveillance society', we are already there. Evidence for this claim includes details of records currently held on databases such as the National DNA database, which currently includes about 6 millions sets of fingerprints and the DNA of 3.45 million individuals (5.2% of the population). Other databases operated by the Police include Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) and the Violent Offender and Sex Offender Register (ViSOR); a Facial Images National Database (FIND) is also proposed, and all of the above will be accessible via the Police National Computer. Function creep, through which data collected for one purpose is used for another, is also highlighted. For example, personal data collected for the use of the electronic Oyster Card in London is increasingly drawn upon in police investigation. Similarly, the use of employee monitoring technologies may lead to surveillance of employees' activities at work. Systems are designed to allow interoperability, and this can result in new, unregulated products emerging: ID cards, for example, will be used for several purposes, such as border crossing, fraud control, access to government information and for commercial and semi-commercial transactions, providing the controller of databases where the information is stored with an enormous amount of power over an individual.

While allowing that regulatory agencies are aware of the problems posed to civil liberties and privacy, the report questions the efficacy of the mechanisms in place, arguing that these need to be rethought and improved. More people should be involved in this process than at present, as there is a clear lack of understanding of the issues involved. It is also not sufficient for regulation to be confined to one country, or even a group of states, such as the EU. This is primarily an issue of global importance, and should be addressed as such.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/data_protection/practical_application/surveillance_society_public_discussion_document_06.pdf

Liberty and Security: Striking the Right Balance

Paper by the UK Presidency (undated)

The emphasis of the paper is on the key role which data retention plays in the fight against terrorism. Mobile service providers currently store data for varying lengths of time, and yet the data obtained through mobile and internet records can be ‘as useful as DNA' in solving crime. Data used in anti-terrorist investigations are typically over six months old: in the future service providers will retain the information for 12 months. Police and other law enforcement agencies will not have unrestricted access to the data: access will be governed by national law.

The use and collection of biometric data is viewed as an inevitable consequence of technological advances, and a vital tool in the fight against terrorism and organised crime. It is noted that biometric data is more secure when stored on a database, and that the EU Visa Information System is the only means of accomplishing this to date. (As the UK is not part of Schengen, it does not have access to VIS.)

A trial was carried out which showed that a significant majority of people agreed that biometric data do not infringe civil liberties, and voiced overwhelmingly positively in support of the use of biometrics. However, no details (or reference to) the trial are given.

Data stored will comply with the UK's Data Protection Act (1998) and the Human Rights Act (1998), both of which encompass the Data Protection Directive and the ECHR. Independent oversight will be carried out by a National Identity Scheme Commissioner.

http://www.edri.org/docs/UKpresidencypaper.pdf

Privacy International's report focuses on PNR records. These will be collected on all passengers and kept for an unspecified period of time, and will include data such as method of payment and choice of meal. This reflects a shift from targeting specific individuals to providing a detailed dossier on the movements and preferences of all travellers.

http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd%5B347%5D=x-347-260609

The report from Statewatch argues that the UK's policies will go beyond the requirements envisaged by the EU, and result in a system which is analogous to US-Visit, in that a historical profile will be built up on every traveller. It is also noted that there are no limits on the growth of the new scheme, which is being established under the auspices of the fight against terrorism and organised crime.

http://www.statewatch.org/news/2005/aug/ebord.pdf

BORDER CONTROLS and DATA SHARING

FINAL REGULATORY IMPACT ASSESSMENT

DATA CAPTURE AND SHARING POWERS FOR THE BORDER AGENCIES

PUBLISHED ON 28 FEBRUARY 2006

Home Office

Measures to be introduced are contained in the Immigration and Asylum Bill (2006). The aims are to provide security agencies and visa authorities with an integrated approach to border control and law enforcement. Data-sharing and disclosure provisions are also to be introduced. These will combine with the e-Border scheme to establish a ‘single window' for border agencies. This is presented as of marked benefit to both passengers and carriers, as it will allow data to be captured once and shared with all border agencies. It is emphasised that law enforcement and intelligence agencies must be allowed to retain data for ‘a sufficient period of time to achieve the aim of maintaining an effective border security capability'. Although it is stressed that border agencies must comply with UK Data Protection law, attention is not given to the possible problems and anomalies involved in sharing data with countries with differing data protection provisions in place. The programme is designed for delivery in three stages, ending in 2010. Project Semaphore, which began in 2004, largely focuses on air carriers and is intended to inform future development of the measures.

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/ria-data-capture211005?view=Binary

HOME OFFICE

One Step Ahead

A 21st Century Strategy to Defeat Organised Crime

March 2004

Overview of the development of a new strategy against organised crime. It is argued that it is sensible for the Government to be able to capture data once and make it available for all border control purposes. Similarly, other obstacles to maximising data sharing should be identified: legal issues need urgent clarification.

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/cons-organised-crime-300704/organised-crime-300704?view=Binary

Project Semaphore

http://www.gnn.gov.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=2&ReleaseID=130801

Project Semaphore is viewed as similar in scope to US-Visit.

See Privacy International's critique of US-Visit at:

http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/terrorism/rpt/dangers_of_visit.pdf

Parliamentary reports

HOUSE OF LORDS MINUTES OF EVIDENCE

TAKEN BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE EUROPEAN UNION (SUB-COMMITTEE F) INQUIRY INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECOND GENERATION SCHENGEN INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIS II)

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld/lduncorr/euf111006.pdf

The Joint Committee on Human Rights (2005-6), comments on the powers already available to law enforcement authorities and intelligence agencies.

‘A range of agency-specific powers already exist to allow the Police Service, the Immigration Service and HM Revenue and Customs officials to request crew and passenger lists from chartered civil aircraft landing at UK airports. These powers exist under Schedule 7 to the Terrorism Act 2000, as amended by sections 118 and 119 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001; Paragraphs 27(2), 27B and 27C of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971; and sections 35(1) and 64(2)(b) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979.'

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt200506/jtselect/jtrights/276/276.pdf

House of Commons RESEARCH PAPER 05/52

30 JUNE 2005 The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Bill Bill 13 of 2005-06

Detailed overview of the new Immigration Bill, which includes measures on the provision and sharing of information (including biometric data). The paper includes the UKPS Biometrics Enrolment Trial, which was carried out by Atos Origin (an international information technology services company) in 2004. It is also noted that the Home Office will be setting up a new database with biometric details of all entry clearance applicants, while UKvisas is already running the Central Reference System: casework data on asylum seekers and immigration offenders stored on this is available to risk assessment units in other countries.

http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2005/rp05-052.pdf

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT The Alvaro Report on data retention stresses the importance of EU harmonisation over the amount of time data can be retained.

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/pr/583/583793/583793en.pdf

DIRECTIVE 2006/24/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 15 March 2006

on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly

available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending

Directive 2002/58/EC

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5275032

House of Lords European Committee (Sub-Committee F) into the G6 meeting at Heiligendamm in March 2006.

Behind Closed Doors: the meeting of the G6 Interior Ministers at Heiligendamm

Investigation carried out by the House of Lords European Committee (Sub-Committee F) into the G6 meeting at Heiligendamm in March 2006. G6 meetings involve the Interior Ministers of the sixth largest EU states. The inquiry focused on issues of transparency and accountability, police access to Eurodac and VIS, and data protection. The Home Office is singled out for criticism through its failure to disclose details of the G6 meetings, particularly in light of the European Council's Policy on Transparency, and it is recommended that the results of such meetings should be fully publicised in the future, along with a written ministerial statement to Parliament, and papers sent to relevant parliamentary committees. The report also questions the legality of police access to Eurodac under existing EU law, and calls for the Data Protection Framework Decision to be first put into place if data is to be accessed by the police for purposes other than the one for which the database was originally established. Similarly, the Government should ensure rigorous standards on data protection in VIS. Finally, the Committee recommends that the principle of availability should not be taken forward without adequate data protection safeguards: the Data Protection Framework Decision is a matter of high priority.

www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldeucom/221/221.pdf

www.statewatch.org/news/2006/oct/eric-avebury-heiligendamm1.pdf

EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION SUPERVISOR

Second opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor

on the Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on the protection of personal data processed in the framework of police and judicial co-operation in criminal matters

November 2006

One of the major concerns highlighted in this report is the failure of Council to include the legislative amendments suggested by the European Parliament in September 2006 or his own recommendations, both of which were aimed at strengthening the Framework. As well as issuing a warning that Council is diluting the protective measures of the Framework, concern is expressed that citizens will lose the right to be informed when their data is accessed. An adoption of a proposal on processing biometric and DNA data is also required.

http://www.edps.europa.eu/legislation/Opinions_A/06-11-29_2ndOpinion_third_pillar_EN.pdf

EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION SUPERVISOR

Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor on the Proposal for a Council Framework

Decision on the protection of personal data processed in the framework of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters (COM (2005) 475 final)

December 2005

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/c_047/c_04720060225en00270047.pdf

GERMAN PRESIDENCY 01/2007-06/2007 The German Presidency has - very unusually - referred the draft Framework Decision of data protection in police and judicial matters back to the European Commission and asked them to provide a ‘revised proposal'.

See Statewatch for an analysis (January 2007)

http://www.statewatch.org/eu-dp.htm

NGOs Privacy International and EDRi, Invasive,Illusory,Illegal,andIllegitimate, Response to the Consultation on a Framework Decision on Data Retention September 2004

Privacy International and EDRi point to the inherent dangers of the retention of communications data, which can be ‘used to create a map of human associations and more importantly, a map of human activity and intention', and leads to an increasing disregard for civil liberties.

http://www.privacyinternational.org/issues/terrorism/rpt/responsetoretention.html

Secondary Use of data

Use of Personal Information available on the Electoral Roll http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/corporate/notices/use_of_personal_information_available_on_the_electoral_role.pdf

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

Department for Constitutional Affairs

Freedom of Information: annual reports These reports detail the implementation an operation of the Freedom of Information Act 2000, which came fully into force in 2005

Freedom of Information Annual Report 2005: Operation of the FOI Act in central government [PDF 500kb, 48 pages]

Fourth Annual Report on Implementation [225kb] [November 2004]

Third Annual Report on Implementation [287kb] [November 2003]

Second Annual Report on Implementation [November 2002]

First Annual Report on Implementation [144kb] [November 2001]

Code of Practice on Access to Government Information - Monitoring Report [October 2003]

http://www.dca.gov.uk/dept/depstrat.htm#foi

Freedom of Information: Archived Annual Reports Freedom of Information - First Annual Report on Implementation [November 2001]

Monitoring Reports on the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information

http://www.dca.gov.uk/dept/depstrat.htm

Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007

[CP 28/06]

Consultation into the Government's drafted amendments to FOI fees regulations. Consultation began on 14 December 2006 and ends of 8 March 2007

http://www.dca.gov.uk/consult/dpr2007/cp2806.htm

Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007

List of questions for public response

http://www.dca.gov.uk/consult/dpr2007/cp2806qsum.doc

Independent Review of the impact of the Freedom of Information Act A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE DEPARTMENT FOR CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS October 2006 by Frontier Economics Ltd.

This report sets out the rationale for the review into the FoI Act. Its remit is to examine the costs of delivering FoI across central government and the wider public sector, alongside an assessment of the key costs of FoI, and to provide an examination of options for changes to the current fee regime for FoI.

http://www.foi.gov.uk/reference/foi-independent-review.pdf

Released Information – Disclosure Log

Information released in response to previous FOI requests in the ICO's Disclosure Log

http://www.identitycards.gov.uk/news-publications-foi-released.asp

INFORMATION COMMISSIONER's OFFICE

Freedom of Information Progress Report October 2006 This report details the work of the Information Commissioner's Office in the first 18 months since the Freedom of Information Act came fully into force. Although problems were experienced in the first year, the Information Commissioner is confident that procedures involved in handling complaints have been greatly improved.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/corporate/research_and_reports/foi_progress_report_oct_07.pdf

Freedom of Information ICO Enforcement Strategy

While it is acknowledged that most public authorities have developed appropriate systems with which to successfully meet their responsibilities under the Freedom of Information Act, the Information Commissioner has some concerns about those that have not, and intends to take a more ‘robust' approach in the future through the use of Practice Recommendations and Enforcement Notices.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/freedom_of_information/practical_application/freedom_of_information_ico_enforcement_strategy.pdf

ICO Document Library

This offers a comprehensive resource for both individuals and organisations on: data privacy, privacy and electronic communications, freedom of information, environmental information regulation, corporate issues.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/tools_and_resources/document_library.aspx

Information Commissioner's Office What Price Privacy Now? December 2006

Richard Thomas, Information Commissioner, is repeating his call for a two year jail term to deter those convicted of trading unlawfully in personal information. The report 'What price privacy now?' reflects the six months progress made since his initial report 'What price privacy?' was published in May 2006.

'What price privacy now?'

'What price privacy?'

http://www.ico.gov.uk/about_us/news_and_views/current_topics/what_price_privacy_now.aspx

ICO and ID CARDS

The Government's ID cards Proposals Detailed information on the Identity Cards Act (2006), and the response and work of the Information Commissioner. Although it is acknowledged the Government addressed some of the long-standing concerns that the Act would result in the creation of a National Identity Register, the Commissioner continues to have misgivings about the amount of information which will be held by the Government, and how this will be used in practice. Attention is drawn to the ‘data trail' of the ID card, and the potential to thereby build up a very detailed picture of the individual. It is noted that, despite warnings, the Government has already admitted that the National Identity Register will be developed and will serve as a database of the adult population to inform the Citizens Information Project.

Information Commissioner's concerns about the Identity Cards Bill October 2005

Information Commissioner's concerns about the Identity Cards Bill May 2005

Information Commissioner's position on Identity Cards Bill December 2004

Information Commissioner's Press Releases concerns on Identity Cards, Questions and Answers

The Information Commissioner's response to the Draft Bill.

Information Commissioner's response to the Government's 2002 consultation: Overview , Annex A and Annex B.

www.identitycards.gov.uk

Identity cards - ICO response to government consultation paper

Identity cards - ICO response to government consultation paper - Annex A

Identity cards - ICO response to government consultation paper - Annex B

Identity cards - the ICO's concerns, May 2005

Identity cards - the ICO's concerns, October 2005

Identity cards - the ICO's perspective, December 2004

Identity cards - the ICO's response to the draft bill, 2004

http://www.ico.gov.uk/Home/about_us/news_and_views/current_topics/identity_cards.aspx

Legislative/Parliamentary Publications on ID Cards The Government's Response to the Science and Technology Report (October 2006) Download as pdf (231KB) Government's response to the Science and Technology report.

Identity Cards Act 2006 - Section 37 - Cost Report (October 2006) Download as pdf (50KB) The first cost report to estimate public expenditure likely to be incurred on the scheme over the following ten years.

Identity Cards Act 2006 (April 2006) Download as pdf (216KB)

Draft Code of Practice on Civil Penalties (2006) Download as pdf (153KB) The purpose of the code is to set out the matters that the Secretary of State and civil courts should consider when determining the amount to be imposed in any case by way of a civil penalty under the Act.

Regulatory Impact Assessment (May 2005) Download as pdf (314KB) An updated version of the RIA that was published alongside the Identity Cards Bill.

Race Equality Impact Assessment (May 2005) Download as pdf (513KB) An updated Race Equality Impact Assessment to accompany the re-introduction of the Identity Cards Bill.

Identity Cards in Other Countries (Part 1) (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (94.2KB) Updates Annex 3 of the Home Office publication ‘Entitlement Cards and Identity Fraud: A Consultation Paper'.

Identity Cards in Other Countries (Part 2) (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (131KB) Details states that have joined the EU since the original consultation and accession states about their identity cards and whether they will begin to pilot or to roll out new biometric cards.

Home Secretary's Response to JCHR (Feb 2005) Download as pdf (47.6KB) Response to Joint Committee on Human Rights by the Home Secretary.

Identity Cards: A Summary of Findings from the Consultation on Legislation on Identity Cards (Oct 2004) Download as pdf (712KB) Summarises the views received from the general public and stakeholder organisations during the consultation period.

Identity Cards: The Government's response to the Home Affairs Select Committee Report (Oct 2004) Download as pdf (414KB) Government's response to the HASC report.

Home Affairs Committee - Identity Cards - Fourth Report of Session 2003-04 Download as pdf (581KB) Report of the Home Affairs Committee's inquiry into all aspects of identity cards

Legislation on Identity Cards - A Consultation Download as pdf (552KB) Seeks comments on the Identity Cards Bill that would establish the legislative framework for the incremental introduction of an Identity Cards Scheme.

Identity Cards: The Next Steps (Nov 2003) Download as pdf (180KB) Sets out the proposal to build the base for a compulsory national Identity Cards Scheme.

Home Secretary Statement to the House of Commons on Identity Cards (2003) Download as pdf (18KB) 11 November 2003 statement by the Home Secretary in the House of Commons.

Identity Cards: A Summary of Findings from the Consultation Entitlement Cards and Identity Fraud (Nov 2003) Download as pdf (683KB) Summarises the views received from the general public and stakeholder organisations during the consultation period.

Government's Response to Consultation Points (Nov 2003) Download as pdf (98KB) Details the Government's conclusions.

Entitlement Cards and Identity Fraud - A Consultation (Jul 2002) Download as pdf (3.4MB) Invites views on the Consultation paper published in July 2002.

Update to Annex 3, Entitlement Cards and Identity Fraud: A Consultation Download as pdf (149KB)

Summary of the Consultation (Jul 2002) Download as pdf (214KB) Short summary of the Consultation paper and what the Government is consulting on.

http://www.identitycards.gov.uk/news-publications-legislative.asp

Research Publications Report on Foreign National Identity Related Products Trade Off Research (Dec 2005) Download as pdf (467KB) Assessment of awareness and demand amongst foreign nationals for biometric residence permits and related identity products.

Identity Cards Trade Off Research Final Report (Oct 2005) Download as pdf (259KB) Intended to assess awareness and demand for the Identity Cards Scheme among both citizens and public and private sector organisations.

Identity Cards Trade Off Research Questionnaire (Oct 2005) Download as pdf (52.9KB) The questionnaire used during the course of the Trade Off Research, which is summarised in the Trade Off Research Final Report.

Identity Cards Trade Off Research Data Tables (Oct 2005) Download as pdf (940KB) These tables illustrate the raw data obtained in the course of the Trade Off Research, which is summarised in the Final Report.

Identity Cards Trade Off Research Interim Report (June 2005) Download as pdf (228KB) Provides some of the early headline findings of the research.

Public Response to Proposed Customer Propositions (Aug 2004) Download as pdf (306KB) Research among citizens to explore perceptions of the schemes benefits.

Special Issues Research (Mar 2004) Download as pdf (276KB) Examines the perceptions of the customer experience in applying for, enrolling for and using identity cards amongst people with special issues.

Awareness, Understanding and Attitudes to ID Cards (TNS Consumer) Quantitative Research Report (Sept 2004) Download as pdf (468KB) Intended to establish attitudes towards identity cards.

Public Perceptions of identity cards (Cragg Ross Dawson) Qualitative Research Report (Aug 2004) Download as pdf (323KB) Intended to explore the idea further and gauge response to more specific proposals for identity cards.

Qualitative research on perceptions of costs: research report commissioned by the Home Office (Aug 2003) Download as pdf (75KB) Qualitative research was commissioned to explore perceptions of costs among members of the general public.

Qualitative research on identity cards: research report commissioned by the Home Office (Jan 2003) Download as pdf (172KB) Commissioned to explore perceptions of entitlement/identity cards among members of the general public.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/Home/about_us/news_and_views/current_topics/identity_cards.aspx

Identity Fraud

Estimate for Annual Cost of Fraud Table (2006) Download as pdf (80KB) Updated estimate of the cost of ID fraud to the UK economy.

Identity Theft Poster Download as pdf (1.8MB) The poster provides advice on ways to protect identity theft/fraud and where to get help.

Identity Theft Leaflet Download as pdf (396KB) Provides advice on ways to protect against identity theft/fraud and where to get help.

Identity Fraud - a study (Jul 2002) Download as pdf (241KB) A study to explore the extent and nature of identity fraud and theft in the UK.

http://www.identitycards.gov.uk/news-publications-fraud.asp

General Strategic Action Plan for the National Identity Scheme (Dec 2006) Download as pdf (901kb) This document explains what the National Identity Scheme is, what it will deliver and when.

Prime Minister's Press Conference Speech (Nov 2006) Text of speech Speech by the Prime Minister on 6 November 2006 about identity cards.

Biometrics 2006 Conference - Speech by Joan Ryan (Oct 2006) Download as pdf (106KB) Identity and Passport Service Corporate and Business plans 2006-2016 Download as pdf (1.66MB) The 10 year corporate plan and detailed annual Business Plan

Identity and Passport Service Framework Agreement Download as pdf (1.46MB) Sets out the Agency's corporate governance

ID Cards Briefing (May 2005) Download as pdf (476KB) A short briefing on the Identity Cards Scheme.

KPMG Review of ID Cards Cost Methodology Published Extract (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (119KB) Independent review of the cost methodology and cost assumptions.

Home Office Summary of Work in Progress (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (108KB) Summary of work in progress on areas of the ID Cards Scheme highlighted by the KPMG review.

Letter to Prf Ian Angell of the LSE re. ID Cards (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (192KB) Response to Prf Ian Angell (DIS) from Andy Burnham re. ID cards

LSE Letter to Andy Burnham MP (Nov 2005) Download as pdf (20KB) Letter from LSE to Andy Burnham.

Home Office Response to LSE Alternative Blueprint (July 2005) Download as pdf (612KB) Home Office's official response to the London School of Economics 'ID Cards Costs Estimates and Alternative Blueprint'.

Identity Cards Benefits Overview (June 2005) Download as pdf (784KB) Overview of the benefits of the Identity Cards Scheme

IPPR Speech (Nov 2004)Text of speech Speech by the Home Secretary on the 18th November 2004 about identity cards.

Feasibility Study on Use of Biometrics in an Entitlement Scheme (Feb 2003) Download as pdf (120KB) NPL study which examines the feasibility of using biometrics as a means of establishing a unique identity, to support the proposed entitlement scheme under development by the UKPS and Driving Vehicle Licensing Authority.

http://www.ico.gov.uk/Home/about_us/news_and_views/current_topics/identity_cards.aspx

Media

Loss of liberty is price for fighting terrorism The Daily Telegraph, 24.01.07 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/24/nclass124.xml

The west persists in using race to decide who can cross its borders The Guardian, 22.01.07

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,1995856,00.html

Iris scans dropped from ID card plans The Daily Telegraph, 22.01.07

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/22/niris22.xml

Big Brother: What it really means in Britain today The Independent, 15.01.07

http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article2154844.ece

Leading article: Personal privacy and the power of the State

The Independent, 15.01.07

http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article2154789.ece

Yet another step along a dangerous road Shami Chakrabarti, Director of Liberty

The Independent, 15.01.07

http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article2154801.ece

Whitehall plan for huge database BBC, 14.01.07

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6260153.stm

Time for a new privacy law that leaves well alone The Times, 12.01.07

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,28829-2544368.html

HOW THE BBC HAS USED THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT BBC , 12.01.07

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2006/foi/default.stm

Revenue admits theft of staff IDs BBC , 15.12.06 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4532530.stm

Spy planes, clothes scanners and secret cameras: Britain's surveillance future The Guardian, 02.11.06 http://www.guardian.co.uk/humanrights/story/0,,1937192,00.html

From cradle to grave, your files available to a cast of thousands The Guardian, 01.11.06 http://www.guardian.co.uk/medicine/story/0,,1936473,00.html

Warning over privacy of 50m patient files The Guardian, 01.11.06 http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,,1936403,00.html

Change 'will weaken' openness law BBC , 17.10.06 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6058184.stm

Wider use of private data planned BBC , 13.09.06 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5342718.stm

Privacy row erupts over child database The Daily Mail , 30.08.06

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=402946&in_page_id=1770&ct=5

UK bank details sold in Nigeria BBC , 14.08.06 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4790293.stm

'Failures' targeted at birth The Independent, 16.07.06 http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article1180225.ece

Delays in openness laws attacked BBC , 28.06.06 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5123462.stm

Openness laws could be tightened BBC , 31.12.05 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4570956.stm

Openness watchdog in case backlog BBC , 16.12.05 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4533606.stm

Ministers to limit openness law BBC , 14.12.05 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6179617.stm

E-security and National Parliaments

Lodge Juliet — 2009-05-06T14:00:38Z

The (non) Role of National Parliaments in the EU's AFSJ and the Security Policies on New Technologies

National parliaments' and the European Parliament's powers vis-à-vis pillar III and related matters of judicial, police and migration cooperation have been progressively augmented. The draft Reform Treaty constitutionalises further reinforcement especially of (i) the European Parliament's control powers, and (ii) the time granted for deliberation to national parliaments in respect of EU draft legislation. Collaboration between the two parliamentary layers has improved. This is good for democracy and democratic accountability, but it is insufficient to ensure that liberty and security remain in balance and subject to the democratic control of elected parliamentarians because the practice of information exchange and communication is vulnerable to ICT-led insecurities and practice.

This paper begins by considering the background to ICT information exchange in the EU.. Against this background, it examines the reasons for the inadequacies of institutional fixations with formal, territorial based methods of controlling power. It then examines current scenario of political communication. It concludes with some preliminary ideas on making digi-space amenable, at least in some part, to parliamentary control.

A new era of EU youth policies

European Commission — 2009-04-29T09:49:49Z

The Commission has adopted a new EU strategy for youth policy for the coming decade. Entitled «Youth – Investing and Empowering», the new strategy acknowledges the fact that (1) young people are one of the most vulnerable groups in society, especially in the current economic and financial crisis, and (2) in our ageing society, young people are a precious resource. The new strategy is cross-sectoral, with both short and long-term actions, which involve key policy areas that affect Europe's young people, particularly youth education, employment, creativity and entrepreneurship, social inclusion, health and sport, civic participation, and volunteering.

Source http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/644&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en

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A new era of EU youth policies

Rapport annuel 2008 de la Commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité

Commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité — 2009-04-29T07:31:20Z

La Commission nationale de déontologie de la sécurité présente les résultats de son activité au cours de l'année 2008, ainsi qu'une étude consacrée à la déontologie des forces se sécurité en présence des mineurs.

Conformément à l'article 12 de la loi du 6 juin 2000, ce rapport sera remis au Président de la République et au Parlement.

Tous les avis émis au cours de l'année 2008 et traités dans ce rapport annuel sont disponibles sur le site Internet de la CNDS, accessibles par mots-clés ou par service concerné. Ils sont accompagnés des réponses que les autorités y ont apportées.

Depuis le mois d'octobre 2008, les avis sont publiés sur le site au fur et à mesure de leur adoption et de la réception des observations en réponse.

Source : http://www.cnds.fr/rapports/annuels.html

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Rapport CNDS 2008

Analysis of terrorist legislation, evolution and practices of penal agencies

Aranda Mónica, Rivera Iñaki — 2009-04-28T09:06:08Z

The Spanish concept of terrorism has evolved in a quite particular meaning. The identification of ETA (Basque Liberation Army) as the internal enemy has concentrated the use of every antiterrorist law and criminal justice agencies addressed to call a halt its activities. A number of criminal and procedural rules, police and prison regulations have been modified in Spain by following the antiterrorist philosophy. - 009. WP 9 : Exceptionalism and its impact on the Euro-Mediterranean relations / English, Academics texts - Textes universitaires, Terrorism - Terrorisme, Spain - Espagne, WP 09 : Exceptionalism and its impact on the Euro-Mediterranean relations, Exception - Exception, Coercive Agencies - Agences coercitives, Human rights - Droits de l'homme

A right-based approach to migration policies in a context of emergencies: 'Expelling States' and semi-persons in the European Union

2009-04-28T08:54:24Z

The European socio-political climate and its repercussions on person's rights and liberties trigger multiple challenges. The widening process of the European Union (EU), the hardening of legislation on immigration and terrorism, and the new practices of police and security services make the basic principles and values on which consolidated European democracies lay tilt.

Human beings that do not have the appropriate legal documents or that should be recognized as refugees are held in detention, discriminated and treated as semi-persons under the protection of especial and emergency laws that go beyond the limits of a state based on the Rule of Law.

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A right-based approach to migration policies in a context of emergencies: 'Expelling States' and semi-persons in the European Union